when did st raphael die

[58] Four archaeological drawings by the artist are preserved.[59]. [98], Vasari himself, despite his hero remaining Michelangelo, came to see his influence as harmful in some ways, and added passages to the second edition of the Lives expressing similar views.[99]. Raphael is reckoned among the saints in both Eastern and Western churches, his feast day being October 24. Also, in the Gospel of St. John, Jesus entrusts his mother to someone outside the family (cf. Three small paintings done by Raphael shortly after The Marriage of the VirginVision of a Knight, Three Graces, and St. Michaelare masterful examples of narrative painting, showing, as well as youthful freshness, a maturing ability to control the elements of his own style. His father, who was an artist as well as a poet, was the court painter to the Duke. Biographer Giorgio Vasari mentions Raphaels love of women and alleges that the fever was caused by a night of excess passion, a tale that mythologized Raphael as an indulgent lothario. Apart from stylistic closeness, their techniques are very similar as well, for example having paint applied thickly, using an oil varnish medium, in shadows and darker garments, but very thinly on flesh areas. Raphael was one of the most talented painters of the Italian Renaissance. Raphael received a commission in 1500 to paint a large altarpiece dedicated to Saint Nicholas of Tolentino, for the Baronci chapel in the Sant'Agostino Church in Citt di Castello. Between 1512 and 1514 he painted The Mass at Bolsena. [21], His first documented work was the Baronci altarpiece for the church of Saint Nicholas of Tolentino in Citt di Castello, a town halfway between Perugia and Urbino. [82], Young Man Carrying an Old Man on His Back, c. 1514, Marriage of Alexander and Roxana. He was seen as the best model for the history painting, regarded as the highest in the hierarchy of genres. He carried out his mission but sacrificed himself to make it happen. [87], The Massacre of the Innocents, engraving by Marcantonio Raimondi from a design by Raphael. In 1514, Pope Julius II hired Raphael as his chief architect. Nevertheless, the experience of being inside St. Peter's is awe-inspiring. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. St. Raphael leading young Tobias and the dog St. Raphael Delivers the Longest Declaration of any Angel in all of Scriptures. [24] These are large works, some in fresco, where Raphael confidently marshals his compositions in the somewhat static style of Perugino. As a teen, he was even commissioned to paint for the Church of San Nicola in the neighboring town of Castello. Omissions? In April 1520, at the age of 37, he died only eight days after contracting a fever. [e] Vasari says that Raphael had also been born on a Good Friday, which in 1483 fell on March 28,[f] and that the artist died from exhaustion brought on by unceasing romantic interests while he was working on the Loggia. Study for Villa Farnesina, Red chalk study for the Villa Farnesina Three Graces, Sheet with study for the Alba Madonna and other sketches, Developing the composition for a Madonna and Child, Study for soldiers in this Resurrection of Christ, c. 1500, Raphael made no prints himself, but entered into a collaboration with Marcantonio Raimondi to produce engravings to Raphael's designs, which created many of the most famous Italian prints of the century, and was important in the rise of the reproductive print. Catholic Online Prayer Candles - light your prayer candle. Raphael was born to Giovanni Santi, a painter, and Magia di Battista Ciarla, both of whom died when Raphael was a child. Under them, the court continued as a centre for literary culture. Raphael was the son of Giovanni Santi and Magia di Battista Ciarla; his mother died in 1491. [75] Over forty sketches survive for the Disputa in the Stanze, and there may well have been many more originally; over four hundred sheets survive altogether. Pon:102. [14], According to Vasari, his father placed him in the workshop of the Umbrian master Pietro Perugino as an apprentice "despite the tears of his mother". Best Known For: A leading figure of Italian High Renaissance classicism, Raphael is best known for his "Madonnas," including the Sistine Madonna, and for his large figure compositions in the Palace of the Vatican in Rome. He established a workshop and had around 50 pupils and assistants. This past Saturday was February 27, the 95th anniversary of the death of St. Raphael Hawaweeny, the great Syrian Bishop of Brooklyn. At the time, Urbino was a cultural center that encouraged the Arts. Urbino had become a centre of culture during the rule of Duke Federico da Montefeltro, who encouraged the arts and attracted the visits of men of outstanding talent, including Donato Bramante, Piero della Francesca, and Leon Battista Alberti, to his court. The pope intended to continue to re-use ancient masonry in the building of St Peter's, also wanting to ensure that all ancient inscriptions were recorded, and sculpture preserved, before allowing the stones to be reused. His death set off more than a week of commemorations in the Syrian Orthodox community. To Raphael, these innovative artists had achieved a whole new level of depth in their composition. The enigmatic relationship is discussed at length by both Landau and Pon in her Chapters 3 and 4. Saint of the Day for Wednesday, March 1st, 2023, First Station: Jesus is condemned to death. He dictated his will, in which he left sufficient funds for his mistress's care, entrusted to his loyal servant Baviera, and left most of his studio contents to Giulio Romano and Penni. He produced a design from which the final construction plans were completed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger. The cartoons were sent to Brussels to be woven in the workshop of Pier van Aelst. St. Raphael is the patron saint of travelers, the blind, bodily ills, happy meetings, nurses, physicians and medical workers. There was no room for bookcases on the walls, which were in cases in the middle of the floor, destroyed in the 1527 Sack of Rome. A medical error contributed to killing the Italian painter Raphael, according to the latest reconstruction of the circumstances surrounding the Renaissance masters untimely death. Raphael was born in 1483, to a wealthy trader household from Urbino. Perino del Vaga, already a master, and Polidoro da Caravaggio, who was supposedly promoted from a labourer carrying building materials on the site, also became notable painters in their own right. [17] Most modern historians agree that Raphael at least worked as an assistant to Perugino from around 1500; the influence of Perugino on Raphael's early work is very clear: "probably no other pupil of genius has ever absorbed so much of his master's teaching as Raphael did", according to Wlfflin. The famous Italian historian Giorgio Vasari, who wrote a detailed account of the final weeks of the famous artist, claimed that Raphaels turbulent affair and excessive sex life with Margherita Luti, better known as La Fornarina or The Bakers Daughter, was the cause of his demise. Raphael was determined to kill Karai for what they and their soldiers did to Splinter. The famed Madonna of the Chair and Sistine Madonna were among them. Physicians of that period were used to practising bloodletting for the treatment of different diseases, but it would not generally be used for diseases of the lungs. In medival art, thought is the first thing, execution the second; in modern art execution is the first thing, and thought the second. An alternative theory is that he received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who acted as court painter in Urbino from 1495. Sir Joshua Reynolds in his Discourses praised his "simple, grave, and majestic dignity" and said he "stands in general foremost of the first [i.e., best] painters", especially for his frescoes (in which he included the "Raphael Cartoons"), whereas "Michael Angelo claims the next attention. Raphael was highly admired by his contemporaries, although his influence on artistic style in his own century was less than that of Michelangelo. He very probably also visited Florence in this period. He didnt suffer from an intestinal disease and for this reason, we hypothesized pneumonia, Michele Augusto Riva, one of the studys authors and a researcher of the history of medicine at the University of Milan-Bicocca claims. Although he had learned much from Perugino, Raphael by late 1504 needed other models to work from; it is clear that his desire for knowledge was driving him to look beyond Perugia. But if, according to Longinus, the sublime, being the highest excellence that human composition can attain to, abundantly compensates the absence of every other beauty, and atones for all other deficiencies, then Michael Angelo demands the preference. He was also a popular architect during his lifetime. [20] Raphael is described as a "master", that is to say fully trained, in December 1500. Raphael was born as Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino in 1483 in Urbino, Marche, Italy, to Giovanni Santi and his wife Magia Ciarla. His counterpart in Islam is Isrfl. His mother died in 1491 when he was just eight years old. [48], The main designs for the Villa Farnesina were not by Raphael, but he did design, and decorate with mosaics, the Chigi Chapel for the same patron, Agostino Chigi, the Papal Treasurer. [26] He was evidently already much in demand even at this early stage in his career. Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. We are left with sagging, rippled flesh and burning gums with empty sockets. These can be seen on the wall in The School of Athens, and in the originals of many drawings. The authors compared a description of the final weeks in the life of Raphael in The Lives of the Artists, a book by fellow painter, Giorgio Vasari, who wrote that Raphael was struck with a violent fever after a night of passion but did not confess to his physicians who, believing he had overheated himself, imprudently bled him. At his request, Raphael was buried in the Pantheon. Best Answer. Practical Practice of Fasting with Fr Dwight Longenecker, 10 important things to consider during Lent, The Happy Priest on Lent, Happiness and the Call to Selfless Love, Daily Readings for Wednesday, March 01, 2023, St. David: Saint of the Day for Wednesday, March 01, 2023, Lenten Prayer: Prayer of the Day for Monday, February 27, 2023. Several other artists were already working on different rooms of the library, and The Stanza della segnatura ("Room of the Signatura") was the first to be decorated by Raphael's frescoes. Perhaps, if he waited and the TMNT squad went out to face the Foot Clan together, he wouldn't have died. Once Raphael returns from his journey with Tobiah, he declares to Tobit that he was sent by the Lord to heal his blindness and deliver Sarah, Tobiah's future wife, from the demon Asmodeus. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino[a] (Italian:[raffallo santsjo da urbino]; March 28 or April 6, 1483 April 6, 1520),[2][b] better known as Raphael (UK: /rfel/ RAF-ay-l, US: /rfil, ref-, rfal/ RA(Y)F-ee-l, RAH-fy-EL),[4] was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. Raphael's experimentation with this theme culminated in 1507 with his painting, La belle jardinire. Childhood & Early Life. Italian painter and architect (14831520), This article is about the Italian Renaissance painter and architect. They give a highly idealised depiction of the forms represented, and the compositions, though very carefully conceived in drawings, achieve "sprezzatura", a term invented by his friend Castiglione, who defined it as "a certain nonchalance which conceals all artistry and makes whatever one says or does seem uncontrived and effortless ". Raphael Medal. One of his most famous paintings, La donna velata ("The woman with the veil"), was completed in 151415. Study now. This first of the famous "Stanze" or "Raphael Rooms" to be painted, now known as the Stanza della Segnatura after its use in Vasari's time, was to make a stunning impact on Roman art, and remains generally regarded as his greatest masterpiece, containing The School of Athens, The Parnassus and the Disputa. [43] According to Michael Levey, "Raphael gives his [figures] a superhuman clarity and grace in a universe of Euclidian certainties". Several other artists and their teams of assistants were already at work on different rooms, many painting over recently completed paintings commissioned by Julius's loathed predecessor, Alexander VI, whose contributions, and arms, Julius was determined to efface from the palace. Roy, A., Spring, M., Plazzotta, C. 'Raphael's Early Work in the National Gallery: Paintings before Rome'. His work is admired for its clarity of form and ease of composition and for . Raphael was born as Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino in 1483 in Urbino, Marche, Italy, to Giovanni Santi and his wife Magia Ciarla. Shop St. Raphael. After his early years in Rome, much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. [45], The Mass at Bolsena, 1514, Stanza di Eliodoro, Deliverance of Saint Peter, 1514, Stanza di Eliodoro, The Fire in the Borgo, 1514, Stanza dell'incendio del Borgo, painted by the workshop to Raphael's design, After Bramante's death in 1514, Raphael was named architect of the new St Peter's. Nobody excelled him in that judgment, with which he united to his own observations on nature the energy of Michael Angelo, and the beauty and simplicity of the antique. According to a near-contemporary, when beginning to plan a composition, he would lay out a large number of stock drawings of his on the floor, and begin to draw "rapidly", borrowing figures from here and there. St. Raphael the Archangel 14Kt Gold Medal, Sterling Silver Round St. Christopher/St. In 1500, a master painter named Pietro Vannunci, otherwise known as Perugino, invited Raphael to become his apprentice in Perugia, in the Umbria region of central Italy. [42], These very large and complex compositions have been regarded ever since as among the supreme works of the grand manner of the High Renaissance, and the "classic art" of the post-antique West. Also known as Lo Spasimo or Il Spasimo di Sicilia, the painting is considered to be slightly controversial. This led to the rumor being spread that he had contracted a sexually transmitted disease such as Gonorrhea. It's either April 6 or March 28, 1483. They are pure spirits in Heaven. [61] He also designed and painted the Loggie at the Vatican, a long thin gallery then open to a courtyard on one side, decorated with Roman-style grottesche. Saint Michael is the leader of all the holy angels above Gabriel, Raphael . His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (15041508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two popes and their close associates. Judgement of Paris, still influencing Manet, who used the seated group in his most famous work. When Raffaello Sanzio da Urbinobetter known as Raphael was just 37 . If you have already donated, we sincerely thank you. [53] In 1515, he was given powers as Prefect over all antiquities unearthed within, or a mile outside the city. [40] Raphael's friend Cardinal Bibbiena was also one of Leo's old tutors, and a close friend and advisor. This identity came about because of the biblical story that claims he "healed" the earth when it was defiled by the sins of the fallen angels in the apocryphal book of Enoch. Raphael, Italian in full Raffaello Sanzio or Raffaello Santi, (born April 6, 1483, Urbino, Duchy of Urbino [Italy]died April 6, 1520, Rome, Papal States [Italy]), master painter and architect of the Italian High Renaissance. [80] Most Raphael drawings are rather preciseeven initial sketches with naked outline figures are carefully drawn, and later working drawings often have a high degree of finish, with shading and sometimes highlights in white. The first record of Raphaels activity as a painter is found there in a document of December 10, 1500, declaring that the young painter, by then called a master, was commissioned to help paint an altarpiece to be completed by September 13, 1502. This leads scientists to conclude that something else might have caused his illness to become worse, most probably by his condition being misdiagnosed. Other important works are the Chigi Chapel, S. Maria della Pace, Rome, and the Tapestry Cartoons of the Acts of the Apostles (Victoria and Albert Museum, London) and . His funeral mass was celebrated at the Vatican, his Transfiguration was placed at the head of the bier, and his body was buried in the Pantheon in Rome. This article was most recently revised and updated by Matt Stefon. There is a letter of recommendation of Raphael, dated October 1504, from the mother of the next Duke of Urbino to the Gonfaloniere of Florence: "The bearer of this will be found to be Raphael, painter of Urbino, who, being greatly gifted in his profession has determined to spend some time in Florence to study. They were left many of Raphael's drawings and other possessions, and to some extent continued the workshop after Raphael's death. A self-portrait of Raphael as one of the Swiss Guards in the lower right of the fresco is present in the painting. His father was, according to the 16th-century artist and biographer Giorgio Vasari, a painter of no great merit. He was, however, a man of culture who was in constant contact with the advanced artistic ideas current at the court of Urbino. Giovanni taught the young Raphael basic painting techniques and exposed him to the principles of humanistic philosophy at the Duke of Urbinos court. [27], The Mond Crucifixion, 150203, very much in the style of Perugino (National Gallery), The Coronation of the Virgin 150203 (Pinacoteca Vaticana), The Wedding of the Virgin, Raphael's most sophisticated altarpiece of this period (Pinacoteca di Brera), Saint George and the Dragon, a small work (29 x 21cm) for the court of Urbino (Louvre), Raphael led a "nomadic" life, working in various centres in Northern Italy, but spent a good deal of time in Florence, perhaps from about 1504. Raphael died on his 37th birthday, days after contracting a fever. [25] In 1502 he went to Siena at the invitation of another pupil of Perugino, Pinturicchio, "being a friend of Raphael and knowing him to be a draughtsman of the highest quality" to help with the cartoons, and very likely the designs, for a fresco series in the Piccolomini Library in Siena Cathedral. [83] A total of about fifty prints were made; some were copies of Raphael's paintings, but other designs were apparently created by Raphael purely to be turned into prints. [9], Federico was succeeded by his son Guidobaldo da Montefeltro, who married Elisabetta Gonzaga, daughter of the ruler of Mantua, the most brilliant of the smaller Italian courts for both music and the visual arts. Raphael mixed easily in the highest circles throughout his life, one of the factors that tended to give a misleading impression of effortlessness to his career. Giovanni da Udine had a more independent status, and was responsible for the decorative stucco work and grotesques surrounding the main frescoes. In Germany, Raphael had an immense influence on religious art of the Nazarene movement and Dsseldorf school of painting in the 19th century. He gave his son his first instruction in painting, and, before his death in 1494, when Raphael was 11, he had introduced the boy to humanistic philosophy at the court. It also extended to designing palaces. In later works painted by the workshop, the drawings are often painfully more attractive than the paintings. Raphael was born Raffaello Sanzio on April 6, 1483, in Urbino, Italy. Vasari said Bramante let him in secretly. Its either April 6 or March 28, 1483. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. In addition to this practical instruction, Peruginos calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael. Peruginos influence is seen in the emphasis on perspectives, in the graded relationships between the figures and the architecture, and in the lyrical sweetness of the figures. Joannides stated that "Raphael died of over-work.". [72] The printmakers and architects in Raphael's circle are discussed below. The medival principles led up to Raphael, and the modern principles lead down from him. It was on an irregular island block near the river Tiber. The apprenticeship lasted four years and provided Raphael with the opportunity to gain both knowledge and hands-on experience. He worked in or for several cities in north Italy until in 1508 he moved to Rome at the invitation of the pope, to work on the Vatican Palace. He was once engaged to Maria Bibbiena, Cardinal Medici Bibbiena's niece, though the marriage never took place. The demon Asmodeus killed every man Sarah married on the night of the wedding, before the marriage could be consummated. Raphael fell gravely ill and died on Good Friday 1517, which many believe was also the date of his birth. He is often pictured holding a staff and either holding or standing on a fish. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Several museums in Italy are holding exhibitions to commemorate the 500th anniversary of his death. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Jones and Penny:82, see also Vasari, Pon:95136 & passim; Landau:11860, and passim, Art historians and doctors debate whether the right hand on the left breast in, The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple, Joanna of Aragon, Queen consort of Naples, "The death of Raphael: a reflection on bloodletting in the Renaissance", Raphael at the Metropolitan: The Colonna Altarpiece, Learn how and when to remove this template message, V&A London online feature on the Raphael Cartoons, Ten drawings and three paintings from the Royal Collection, Most of the Raphael/Raimondi prints from the San Francisco Museums, Birthplace Museum of Raphael, Urbino, on the Artist's Studio Museum Network website, Mobilier national (France) collection of tapestries, Guide to the Raphael Spurious Letters undated, University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center, Portrait of Andrea Navagero and Agostino Beazzano, Portrait of Doa Isabel de Requesens y Enrquez de Cardona-Anglesola, Portrait of Pope Leo X with Two Cardinals, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Raphael&oldid=1140232958, Wikipedia indefinitely semi-protected pages, Wikipedia external links cleanup from June 2021, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. Michelangelo already disliked Leonardo, and in Rome came to dislike Raphael even more, attributing conspiracies against him to the younger man. The first section was completed in 1511 and the reaction of other artists to the daunting force of Michelangelo was the dominating question in Italian art for the following few decades. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! [47], An important building, the Palazzo Branconio dell'Aquila for Leo's Papal Chamberlain Giovanni Battista Branconio, was completely destroyed to make way for Bernini's piazza for St. Peter's, but drawings of the faade and courtyard remain. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn. Raphael guided Tobiah and taught him how to safely enter the marriage with Sarah. Fr. A part of the commission to decorate the Popes private library, the paintings he made include The School of Athens, The Parnassus and the Disputa which reflect the themes of philosophy, theology, jurisprudence and poetic arts. His mum Liz Jensen confirmed his death in a statement on Twitter on Friday 7 February. The term saint is applied to the angels and archangels . Even incomplete, it was the most sophisticated villa design yet seen in Italy, and greatly influenced the later development of the genre; it appears to be the only modern building in Rome of which Palladio made a measured drawing. When his funeral mass was held at the Vatican, Raphael's unfinished Transfiguration was placed on his coffin stand. In contrast to volume upon volume that reproduce yet again detailed photographs of the Sistine Ceiling or Leonardo's drawings, the literature on Raphael, particularly in English, is limited to only a few books". The sweetness of the figures and the gentle relation between them surpasses anything in Peruginos work. In 1504, Raphael left his apprenticeship with Perugino and moved to Florence, where he was heavily influenced by the works of the Italian painters Fra Bartolommeo, .css-47aoac{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-thickness:0.0625rem;text-decoration-color:inherit;text-underline-offset:0.25rem;color:#A00000;-webkit-transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.3s ease-in-out;}.css-47aoac:hover{color:#595959;text-decoration-color:border-link-body-hover;}Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo and Masaccio. Outside Italy, reproductive prints by Raimondi and others were the main way that Raphael's art was experienced until the twentieth century. Raphael's mother Mgia died in 1491 when he was eight, followed on August 1, 1494, by his father, who had already remarried. And because his father was most worthy and I was very attached to him, and the son is a sensible and well-mannered young man, on both accounts, I bear him great love"[29], As earlier with Perugino and others, Raphael was able to assimilate the influence of Florentine art, whilst keeping his own developing style. St. Raphael the Archangel was created by God long before the universe existed. Possible self-portrait by Raphael, Possible Self-portrait with a friend, c. 1518. , catholic Online School could keep thriving by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger.! Eight days after contracting a fever Tobias and the modern principles lead from... Rumor being spread that he had contracted a sexually transmitted disease such as Gonorrhea La donna velata ( the... The School of painting in the National Gallery: paintings before Rome.... 1507 with his painting, regarded as the highest in the Gospel of St.,! Of Raphael as one of Leo 's old tutors, and was for! 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Status, and was responsible for the decorative stucco work and grotesques surrounding the main frescoes Jesus is condemned death! Many drawings and Pon in her Chapters 3 and 4 created by God long the. Of Urbinos court that `` Raphael died on his Back, c. 1514, marriage of Alexander and.! Received at least some training from Timoteo Viti, who was an artist as well as a master. The Innocents, engraving by Marcantonio Raimondi from a design from which final! Condition being misdiagnosed fully trained, in December 1500 master '', that to... The medival principles led up to Raphael, these innovative artists had achieved a new. Sterling Silver Round St. Christopher/St n't look right, contact us van Aelst wall! As his chief architect mile outside the family ( cf kill Karai for what they and their soldiers to. Paintings, La belle jardinire Pon in her Chapters 3 and 4 donated, we sincerely thank you painters. Urbinobetter known as Lo Spasimo or Il Spasimo di Sicilia, the court continued as a centre literary! Holy angels above Gabriel, Raphael the Chair and Sistine Madonna were among.. Workshop and had around 50 pupils and assistants trained, in Urbino, Italy there be... How to safely enter the marriage never took place Peruginos calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael both Eastern Western... Was just eight years old that `` Raphael died of over-work. `` ] Four archaeological drawings when did st raphael die the are! Niece, though the marriage never took place an immense influence on religious art of the figures the. This past Saturday was February 27, the experience of being inside St. Peter & # x27 s! Peruginos calmly exquisite style also influenced Raphael a staff and either holding or standing on a fish October 24 taught... Fell gravely ill and died on Good Friday 1517, which many believe was also one of the talented. With a friend, c. 1518 plans were completed by Antonio da Sangallo the Younger [ 72 ] printmakers! A friend, c. 1514, Pope Julius II hired Raphael as his chief.... Donate just $ 5.00, the Massacre of the fresco is present in the of. To Raphael, possible self-portrait with a friend, c. 1514, Pope Julius II hired Raphael as of.
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